Carthage, the fabled fallen city, lies partially excavated among the whitewashed villas of the most affluent suburb of Tunis. A short drive from the city centre, this UNESCO World Heritage Site was once a Mediterranean powerhouse — a wealthy trading hub that stirred ancient myths, poems and rivalries. The archaeological park reveals remnants of the Carthaginian Empire and later Roman rule: 2nd-century BC theatres, baths and residential ruins stand testament to its layered history.

Tunis reveals its scholarly heritage through a collection of beautifully preserved madrasas, each bearing witness to centuries of intellectual pursuit. Over 20 madrasas are spread over the Medina of Tunis, some of them seven centuries old. The role these madrasas played has evolved over time. The Madrasa Slimania, founded by 18th-century ruler Ali Pasha, stands out with its ornate prayer hall and elevated entrance porch. Where student cells once housed scholars, medical professionals now work beneath the same vaulted ceilings. Nearby, the Madrasa El Bachia has transitioned from Quranic school to artisan workshops, its courtyard fountain silent but its creative spirit alive. The Madrasa Palmier (or Madrasa Ennakhla) maintains its original purpose as a centre for Quranic studies, its namesake palm still shading the courtyard behind formidable studded doors. Meanwhile, El Khaldounia represents a bridge between tradition and modernity. Established in 1896 near Souk Al Attarine, this progressive institution now serves as a bilingual library, honouring Ibn Khaldoun’s legacy of critical thought.

Allard Pierson Museum narrates stories of ancient civilisations via informative displays which include artefacts from the Great Roman Empire, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Etruria, and Near East. This archaeological museum is sponsored by the University of Amsterdam.